|
|
The Soyuz rocket family
The oldest space launcher family in the world, Soyuz and its direct predessors are responsible for numerous space firsts, including the first satellite, the first man in space, first soft landing on the Moon and many others.
The Soyuz rocket family as of 2002.
In May 2024, the head of RKTs Progress Dmitry Baranov said that the company had produced 12 versions of R-7-based launch vehicles since the start of their production in Samara (then Kuibyshev) in 1959.
Space launch vehicles derived from the R-7
ICBM:
| Sputnik |
8K71PS |
SL-1 |
- |
OKB-1 |
1957
Oct. 4 |
Sputnik-1 |
| Luna/Vostok |
8K72 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Third stage with 8D714 engine for Luna probes,
Vostok |
| Vostok |
8K72K |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Vostok |
| Vostok-2 |
8K72V |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
- |
| Vostok-2M |
8K72V1 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| Vostok-2M |
8K72V3 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| Vostok-2M |
8K72D |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| Vostok-2M |
8K72-2D |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| Luna |
8K73/73E |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Vehicle with the 8D711 oxygen-dimethylhydrazin engine for OD-1, OD-2 and E-3
projects |
| Sputnik |
8A91 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Object
D (Sputnik-3) |
| Vostok |
8A92 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Zenit-2 |
| Vostok-M |
8A92M |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
1964
Aug. 28 |
Tselina
D, Meteor, IRS-1A, Intercosmos-Bulgaria |
| Vostok |
8A92ME |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Meteor,
Tselina-D |
| Vostok |
8A92V3 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Zenit-2 |
| Vostok |
8A93 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
OD-2 |
| Vostok |
11A92 |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Zenit-2 |
| - |
8K74LK |
- |
- |
OKB-1 |
- |
LK test article (774) |
| Molniya |
8K78 |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
- |
Molniya,
Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond |
| Molniya |
8K78-MV |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
- |
Mars/Venera,
Prognoz, Zond |
| Molniya |
8K78-2MV |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
- |
Mars/Venera,
Prognoz, Zond |
| Molniya |
8K78-E6 |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
- |
Luna
(E-6) |
| Molniya-M |
8K78M |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
TsSKB |
- |
Mars/Venera,
Prognoz, Zond 1-3, IRS-1C, Oko |
| Polyot |
11K59
(11A59?) |
SL-5 |
- |
OKB-1 |
- |
IS
(Polyot-1,2) |
| Voskhod |
11A57 |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
1963
Nov. 16 |
Voskhod,
Zenit |
| Voskhod |
11A59 |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Zenit-2 |
| Voskhod |
11A510 |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
- |
Zenit-4/
US-prototypes |
| Soyuz |
11A511 |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
- |
Soyuz,
Soyuz 7K-OK |
|
Soyuz-M |
11A511M |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
1966
Nov. 28 |
Soyuz-7K-VI, Zenit-4MT, Yantar |
| Soyuz-U |
11A511U |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
1973
May 18 |
Soyuz TM, Soyuz TMA, Kobalt-M; Progress. (Planned to be in operation until 2017) |
| Soyuz-U2 |
11A511U2 |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
1982
Dec. 23 |
Progress-M |
| Soyuz-U2 |
11A511K |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
- |
Resurs,
Soyuz-TM |
| Soyuz-Irene |
- |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
Arianespace |
- |
Globalstar
(project) |
| Soyuz-Ikar |
11A511U |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
Starsem |
1999
Feb. 9 |
Globalstar |
| Soyuz-Fregat |
- |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
Starsem |
2000 |
Cluster,
IRDT |
| Vostok-2 (Vostok-A/Soyuz-2LK)/Fregat |
11K55 |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
NPO Lavochkin |
- |
A proposal circa 1993-1996. Revived in 2016 |
| Soyuz-FG |
11A511FG |
- |
- |
TsSKB
Progress |
2001
May 21 |
Progress
M1, AMOS-2 |
| Soyuz-2-1a
(Rus) |
14A14 (131KS) |
- |
- |
TsSKB
Progress |
|
Meridian, Metop |
| Soyuz-2-1b
(Rus) |
14A15 (131KS) |
- |
- |
TsSKB
Progress |
|
Corot, TGK PG |
| Soyuz-ST-A |
372RN21 |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress/Starsem |
- |
Galileo |
| Soyuz-ST-B |
372RN21 |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress/Starsem |
- |
- |
| Soyuz-2 for Vostochny |
372RN16 |
- |
- |
RKTs Progress |
- |
Lomonosov |
| Yamal |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
- |
ISS
modules, Progress-M2 |
| Avrora |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
- |
Commercial satellites from Christmas Island |
| Onega |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
- |
Kliper |
| Soyuz-2-3 |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia/TsSKB Progress |
- |
Kliper ("light" version); Parom and its cargo containers |
| Soyuz-3 |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
- |
Kliper |
| Soyuz-1 (Soyuz-2-1v) |
14A15 |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress |
|
Military/commercial satellites, Kanopus-ST |
| Soyuz-2-3v |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress |
- |
A 2011 proposal for a 16-ton payload vehicle with a cryogenic upper stage |
| Soyuz-2-1d |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress |
- |
A proposal |
| Soyuz-4 (?) |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress |
- |
A proposal (?) |
| Soyuz-5 |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress |
- |
A proposal circa 2013 |
Soyuz-2M |
- |
- |
- |
RKTs Progress |
- |
A proposal circa 2019 of a commercial three-stage vehicle without Fregat |
The Soyuz, the most recognizable Russian rocket, is only one of several space
boosters, which derived from the R-7 ballistic missile developed in the mid-1950s.
Overview of upper stages in the Soyuz family of rockets:
| Mass |
6.6 tons |
9.84 tons |
12.7-18.7 tons |
- |
- |
| Height |
1.5 meters |
4 meters |
- |
- |
- |
| Diameter |
3.35 meters |
3.41 meters |
- |
- |
- |
| Launch vehicle |
|
Yamal, Avrora |
|
Soyuz |
Soyuz-2-1v |
Coordinate system for the Soyuz family of rockets. Credit: Starsem
History of Soyuz rocket operations in the 21st century:
Soyuz rocket history in 2001
Soyuz rocket history in 2002
Soyuz rocket history in 2003
Soyuz rocket history in 2004
Soyuz rocket history in 2005
Soyuz rocket history in 2006
Soyuz rocket history in 2007
Soyuz rocket history in 2008
Soyuz rocket history in 2009
Soyuz rocket history in 2010
Soyuz rocket history in 2011
Soyuz rocket history in 2012
Soyuz rocket history in 2013
Soyuz rocket history in 2014
Soyuz rocket history in 2015
Soyuz rocket history in 2016
Soyuz rocket history in 2017
Soyuz rocket history in 2018
Soyuz rocket history in 2019
Soyuz rocket history in 2020
Soyuz rocket history in 2021
Soyuz rocket history in 2022
Soyuz rocket history in 2023
Soyuz rocket history in 2024
|
|
